Pemba Island, a jewel within the Zanzibar Archipelago, remains one of East Africa’s most unspoiled marine and cultural destinations. Often overshadowed by its larger sister island, Unguja, Pemba retains an atmosphere of quiet authenticity shaped by lush tropical landscapes, thriving spice farms, and some of the region’s most vibrant coral ecosystems. At Mountains 2 Marshes Expeditions, we celebrate Pemba for what it truly is: a sanctuary for travelers seeking meaningful encounters with nature, island communities, and the timeless rhythms of the Indian Ocean.

Quick Facts

• Total area: about 988 square kilometres
  • Main towns: Chake-Chake, Wete, Mkoani
  • Estimated population: approximately 400,000
  • Airport: Karume Airport (domestic)
  • Climate: tropical maritime with rains from November to April and drier months from May to October

Cultural and Historical Background

For centuries, Pemba Island has been a vital hub in the Indian Ocean trade network, known especially for its prized cloves and other spices. Waves of Arab and Persian influence blended with early Swahili culture, creating a distinctive heritage still visible in village architecture, traditional dress, and local customs. Clove plantations, many of which date back to the nineteenth century, continue to shape the landscape and economy. The island’s communities remain deeply rooted in Swahili-Muslim traditions, preserving music, crafts, and agricultural practices passed down through generations.

Geography and Natural Setting

Pemba’s geography sets it apart from many other coastal islands. Dramatic valleys, rolling hills, tidal inlets, mangrove forests, and offshore reefs create a diverse environmental mosaic.

Key natural highlights include:
• Ngezi Forest Reserve, a dense stretch of evergreen forest
• Misali Island and its thriving coral habitats
• Extensive mangrove channels and sheltered estuaries
• Fertile inland farms where spices and tropical fruits flourish

This varied landscape supports an impressive range of species and offers a rich playground for naturalists and conservation-focused travelers.

Travel Logistics

By air: Daily domestic flights operate between Pemba and Tanzania’s major hubs, with short flight times from Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar.
By sea: Ferries and private boats travel between Unguja and Pemba, with journey times depending on conditions and vessel type.
On the island: Roads connect main towns, though rural and forested areas often require a 4×4 vehicle. Boat transfers are necessary for offshore islands like Misali.

Advance bookings are highly recommended, especially during the high season.

Wildlife and Ecology

Marine Life

Pemba’s reefs are among the most intact and biologically rich in East Africa. Clear waters, thriving coral gardens, and deep-water channels host an enormous array of fish species, rays, turtles, and other marine life. The Misali Island Marine Reserve stands as Pemba’s flagship conservation area, celebrated for its coral health and critical nursery zones.

Terrestrial Species

• The Pemba flying fox, a large fruit bat found only on the island
  • Endemic birds and small reptiles, especially within Ngezi Forest
  • Mangrove and seagrass systems supporting juvenile aquatic species

Conservation initiatives aim to protect these fragile ecosystems through community partnerships and sustainable land-use practices.

Top Attractions

• Misali Island Marine Reserve

An exceptional site for divers and snorkelers, offering reef walls, coral gardens, and abundant marine life. Known for its clarity and conservation efforts.

• Ngezi Forest Reserve

A rare remnant of East Africa’s coastal forests, ideal for birdwatching, forest walks, and experiencing local biodiversity.

• Clove Plantations and Village Life

A chance to discover how centuries-old spice traditions continue to influence local livelihoods. Village visits reveal daily life, cuisine, and traditional craftsmanship.

• Chake-Chake and Wete

Bustling with markets, small historical sites, waterfront views, and opportunities to interact with local artisans and traders.

• Ras Mkumbuu and Historical Sites

Fragments of early Swahili settlements and coastal promontories reflecting Pemba’s long trading history.

Activities for Travellers

• Diving and snorkeling at world-class reef sites
  • Birding and forest walks in Ngezi
  • Spice and cultural tours in rural villages
  • Boat trips to sandbanks and remote islets
  • Sustainable fishing experiences and community-run marine activities

Best Time to Visit

• May to October (Dry Season): Best for outdoor exploration and forest walks.
  • October to March: Optimal visibility for diving and snorkeling.
  • November to April: Lush landscapes and quieter travel periods, though weather can affect transport and road conditions.

Accommodation

Pemba offers a range of lodges and guesthouses, many of them focused on eco-friendly practices and community involvement. Beachfront resorts, forest hideaways, and simple town accommodations provide options for every budget. In remote areas, visitors should expect limited internet connectivity and occasional power fluctuations.

Culture and Responsible Travel

Pemba’s deeply rooted cultural identity makes respectful travel essential. Modest clothing is recommended in villages, and photography should always be done with permission. Supporting local initiatives, guides, and cooperatives ensures that tourism benefits the communities directly.

Mountains 2 Marshes Expeditions works closely with local partners to create meaningful, respectful, and sustainable experiences for our guests.

Practical Tips

• Follow standard tropical health precautions
  • Use reputable boats or aviation services
  • Carry some cash, as small shops and markets often operate without card services
  • Hire licensed local guides for forest or marine excursions

Why Visit Pemba Island with Mountains 2 Marshes Expeditions

Pemba Island appeals to travelers seeking a quieter, nature-rich alternative to mainstream beach destinations. Its forests, reefs, spice traditions, and warm hospitality offer a rare blend of biodiversity and culture. With Mountains 2 Marshes Expeditions, your journey is guided by expertise, respect for the island’s heritage, and a commitment to responsible exploration.